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1. Archive of essays, articles and online books about a perceived international Jewish conspiracy.
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Films 123 Streaming Watch or download movies online. Find popular, top and now playing movies here. Watch movies with HD Quality. Watch or download the movies. During the war in Iraq that began in March 2003, personnel of the United States Army and the Central Intelligence Agency committed a series of human rights violations.

Use of torture since 1. Torture, the infliction of severe physical or psychological pain upon an individual to extract information or a confession, or as an illicit extrajudicial punishment, is prohibited by international law and is illegal in most countries.

However, it is still used by many governments. The subject of this article is the use of torture since the adoption of the 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which prohibited it. Torture in modern society[edit]Torture is widely practiced worldwide: Amnesty International received reports of torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment in more than 1.

These accusations concerned acts against political prisoners in 7. State torture has been extensively documented and studied, often as part of efforts at collective memory and reconciliation in societies that have experienced a change in government. Surveys of torture survivors reveal that torture "is not aimed primarily at the extraction of information ..

Its real aim is to break down the victim's personality and identity."[2] When applied indiscriminately, torture is used as a tool of repression and deterrence against dissent and community empowerment. While many states use torture, few wish to be described as doing so, either to their own citizens or to international bodies. So a variety of strategies are used to circumvent their legal and humanitarian duties, including plausible deniability, secret police, "need to know", denial that certain activities constitute torture, appeal to various laws (national or international), use of a jurisdictional argument, claim of "overriding need", the use of torture by proxy, and so on.[3] Almost all regimes and governments engaging in torture (and other crimes against humanity) consistently deny engaging in it, in spite of overwhelming hearsay and physical evidence from the citizens they tortured.

Through both denial and avoidance of prosecution, most people ordering or carrying out acts of torture do not face legal consequences for their actions.[3] UN Special Rapporteur for the Commission on Human Rights, Sir Nigel Rodley, believes that "impunity continues to be the principal cause of the perpetuation and encouragement of human rights violations and, in particular, torture."[4]While states, particularly their prisons, law enforcement, military and intelligence apparatus, are major perpetrators of torture, many non- state actors also engage in it. These include paramilitaries and guerrillas, criminal actors such as organized crime syndicates and kidnappers.

A recent approach to interrogations has been to use techniques such as waterboarding, sexual humiliation and sexual abuse, and dogs to intimidate or pressure prisoners in a manner claimed to be legal under national or international law. Electric shock techniques such as the use of stun belts and tasers have been considered appropriate provided that they are used to "control" prisoners or suspects, even non- violent ones, rather than to extract information. These techniques have been widely criticized as torture. Technology[edit]While methods of torture are often quite crude, a number of new technologies of control have been used by torturers in recent years.

The Brazilian government devised a number of new electrical and mechanical means of torture during the military dictatorship from 1. Latin American countries in their techniques.[5] One is the use of tasers and electro- shock devices now widely sold to prison authorities around the world. Minor refinements of ancient techniques, including tearing out fingernails and toenails with iron appliances and burning the soles of the feet with clothes irons, are also widely applied.

Inter- state collaboration[edit]. A Viet Cong prisoner captured in 1. U. S. Army awaits interrogation.

He has been placed in a stress position by tying a board between his arms. Substantial cooperation between states in the methods and coordination of torture has been documented.

Through the Phoenix Program, the United States helped South Vietnam co- ordinate a system of detention, torture and assassination of suspected members of the National Liberation Front, or Viet Cong. During the 1. 98. Central America, the U. S. government provided manuals and training on interrogation that extended to the use of torture (see U. S. Army and CIA interrogation manuals). The manuals were also distributed by Special Forces Mobile Training teams to military personnel and intelligence schools in Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Peru. Watch Embers Online (2017). The manuals have a chapter devoted to "coercive techniques".

The southern cone governments of South America – Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil – involved in Operation Condor co- ordinated the disappearance, torture and execution of dissidents in the 1. Hundreds were killed in coordinated operations, and the bodies of those recovered were often mutilated and showed signs of torture. This system operated with the knowledge and support of the United States government through the State Department, Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Department.[6]The United States government has, at least since the Bush administration, used the tactic of legal rendition in which suspected terrorists were extradited to countries where they were to be prosecuted for crimes allegedly committed. In the "war on terror" this has evolved into extraordinary rendition, the delivery of prisoners or others recently captured, including terrorism suspects, to foreign governments known to practice torture are Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Afghanistan.

Human rights activists have alleged that the practice amounts to kidnapping for the purpose of torture, or torture by proxy. A related practice is the operation of facilities for imprisonment, and it is widely believed torture, in foreign countries. In November 2. 00. Washington Post reported —- citing administration sources —- that such facilities are operated by the CIA in Thailand (until 2. Afghanistan, and several unnamed Eastern European countries.[7]Human Rights Watch reports that planes associated with rendition have landed repeatedly in Poland and Romania.[8]Recent instances of torture in selected countries[edit]The use of torture is geographically widespread. A review by Amnesty International, which did not use the United Nations Convention Against Torture as its definition of torture, of its case files found "reports of torture or ill- treatment by state officials in more than 1.